NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000479
CAS NUMBER: 75-00-3
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: CHLOROETHANE
PRIMARY NAME: CHLOROETHANE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C2H5Cl
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: H3CCH2Cl
WLN: G2
SYNONYMS:
AETHYLIS
AETHYLIS CHLORIDUM
ETHYL CHLORIDE
CHLORIDUM
CHLORYL
ETHER CHLORATUS
ETHER HYDROCHLORIC
ETHER MURIATIC
CHLORETHYL
HYDROCHLORIC ETHER
MURIATIC ETHER
KELENE
CHELEN
ANODYNON
CHLORYL ANESTHETIC
NARCOTILE
NCI-C06224
MONOCHLOROETHANE
ETHANE,CHLORO-
UN1037 (DOT)
CHLORENE
CLORETILO
DUBLOFIX
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Gas at room temperature; colorless liquid
when condensed.
REPOSITORY: Gas
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 64.52
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 0.8978 @ 20/4 C (liquid) [017,047]
DENSITY: Not available
MP (DEG C): -139 C [038,102,430]
BP (DEG C): 12.3 C [017,031,205,421]
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : 0.574 g/100 mL @ 20 C [031,102,421,430]
DMSO : Not available
95% ETHANOL : 48 g/100 mL @ 21 C [421,430]
METHANOL : Not available
ACETONE : Not available
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Ether: Soluble [017,047,421,430]
Most commonly used solvents: Miscible [051,062]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 1000 mm Hg @ 20 C [042,051,055,062]; 457 mm Hg @ 0 C [055]
Vapor density : 2.22
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
The flash point for this chemical is -50 C (-58 F) [026,036,062,421]. It
is flammable. Fires involving this compound can be controlled using a dry
chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water fog may also be used
[371]. The autoignition temperature of this compound is 519 C (966 F) [036,
058,102,371].
UEL: 15.4% [031,042,051,062] LEL: 3.8% [042,058,102,430]
REACTIVITY:
This compound will hydrolyze in the presence of alkalies and water [051,052,
062]. It reacts with water or steam to produce toxic and corrosive fumes
[042,051]. It can also react vigorously with oxidizing materials [042,051,
052]. The vapor forms highly flammable mixtures with air [051,058]. A
mixture of this compound with potassium is shock-sensitive [036,042,066].
Contact with chemically active metals such as Na, K, Ca, powdered Al, Zn and
Mg may result in violent reactions [102,346].
STABILITY:
This compound is heat sensitive [102].
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
At low temperatures or under increased pressure, this compound is a very
volatile liquid [031,062,430]. The liquid vaporizes immediately when re-
leased at ordinary room temperature [031].
Ether-like odor, burning taste
Specific gravity: 0.9214 @ 0/4 C [031,051,062,421]; 0.917 @ 6/6 C [026]
Refractive index: 1.3676 @ 20 C; 1.3742 @ 10 C
Burns with a smokey, green flame
Floats and may boil on water
Freezing point: -139 C [042,051,058]
Critical temperature: 187.2 C
Critical pressure: 52.0 atm
Evaporation rate: much greater than 1
Boiling point: 32.5 C @ 1520 mm Hg; 92.6 C @ 7600 mm Hg [031]
Flammable limits in air: 3.6%-12% [371]
Gas density: 0.00266 g/cm3 [058]
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: KH7525000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LC50 ihl mus 146 gm/m3/2H
LCLo ihl gpg 40000 ppm/45M
LC50 ihl rat 160 gm/m3/2H
AQTX/TLM96: >1000 ppm
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: Moderate via oral and inhalation routes. An irritant of skin, eyes and
mucous membranes. The liquid is harmful to the eyes and can cause some
irritation. In the case of guinea pigs, symptoms attending exposure are
similar to those caused by methyl chloride, except that the signs of lung
irritation are not as pronounced. It gives some warning of its presence be-
cause it is irritating, but it is possible to tolerate exposure to it until one
becomes unconscious. It is the least toxic of all the chlorinated hydro-
carbons. It can cause narcosis, although the effects are usually transient.
Animal experiments show some evidence of kidney irritation and accumulation of
fat due to this material in the kidneys, cardiac muscles and liver.
CARCINOGENICITY:
Status: NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (Inhalation); Equivocal Evidence: Male
and Female Rat [620]
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (Inhalation); Inadequate Study: Male
Mouse [620]
NTP Carcinogenesis Studies (Inhalation); Clear Evidence: Female Mouse
[620]
MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
---------- ---------------- | ---------- ----------------
Not available |
TERATOGENICITY: Not available
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended Exposure limit to this compound-air:
To be handled in the workplace with caution [610]
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 2
Flammability (F): 4
Reactivity (R): 0
H2: Materials hazardous to health, but areas may be entered freely with
full-faced mask self-contained breathing apparatus which provides
eye protection (see NFPA for details).
F4: Very flammable gases or very volatile flammable liquids (see NFPA
for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Review: Toxicology Review
Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: Flammable liquid; Label: Flammable
liquid
DOT-IMO: Flammable gas; Label: Flammable gas
Status: EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, December 1986
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 27, 1978
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Ethyl chloride, 2519
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Ethyl chloride
UN/ID NUMBER: UN1037
HAZARD CLASS: 2 SUBSIDIARY RISK: 3 PACKING GROUP: None
LABELS REQUIRED: Flammable gas
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: Forbidden MAXIMUM QUANTITY: Forbidden
CARGO: PKG. INSTR.: 200 (cylinders) MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 150 kg
CARGO: PKG. INSTR.: 214 (ampules in box) MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 0.3 kg
SPECIAL PROVISIONS: A1
USES:
This compound is used in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead, ethyl cellulose,
sulfanol and trional; as an anesthetic; in organic synthesis; as an alkylating
agent; in refrigeration; as an analytical reagent; as a solvent for phosphor-
ous, sulfur, fats, oils, resins and waxes; in insecticides; and as an ethyl-
ating agent in the manufacture of dyes and drugs.
COMMENTS:
This compound is flammable at concentrations necessary for anesthesia, render-
ing it obsolete [430].
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract at slight
concentrations [051,346]. High concentrations are narcotic [031,036,051,102].
It is moderately toxic via the oral and inhalation routes [051]. It is also
readily absorbed through the skin [058,102]. It is a highly dangerous fire
hazard and forms phosgene on combustion [042,051,058,346]. When heated to
decomposition, this compound may emit toxic fumes of HCl [058,102,346]. It
may also release fumes of CO [102].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
GlovES Expert System Recommended Gloves For Use With Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
This chemical has not been tested for permeation by Radian Corporation;
however, the GlovES expert system was used to extrapolate permeation test
information from compounds in the same chemical class and the following
recommendation(s) are provided. The GlovES system uses permeation data from
literature sources; therefore, extra safety margins should be used with the
recommended exposure times. If this chemical comes into contact with your
glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, remove them at once.
Suggested Glove Type Model Number Thickness Estimated Breakthrough
PVA Edmont 25-950 0.36 mm 480 min.
Viton North F-091 0.25 mm 480 min.
Polylaminate North Silvershield 0.08 mm 360 min.
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face
positive pressure supplied-air respirator or a self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA).
OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact
a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and
potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the
physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and
toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route
of exposure.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this material under ambient temperatures.
STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
This chemical should be used in a fume hood. If a leak occurs, FIRST
REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then the main valve of the gas cylinder should
be turned off and all personnel evacuated. Do not reenter the contaminated
area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that
the area has been properly ventilated.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing
of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary.
Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash
affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while
removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean,
soft towels.
Call a hospital or poison control center IMMEDIATELY even if no symptoms
(such as inflammation or irritation) develop.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected area if advised to do so by a physician.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of
exposure.
SYMPTOMS:
Exposure to this compound can cause slight irritation of the eyes [062,099,
102,346]. It can also be irritating to the nose, throat and respiratory
tract [346,371]. At concentrations of approximately 2% (molar), it can cause
an anesthetic or narcotic effect [058]. This can result in headache and
nausea [058,346]. It can also result in dizziness [058,346,371,430]. At
higher concentrations, exposure can cause unconsciousness [031,058,102,346].
It may also produce central nervous system depression [151,301]. This depres-
sion is usually brief and reversible [151]. Prolonged exposure to high con-
centrations have resulted in death [058,102]. Due to its rapid rate of eva-
poration, it can cause tissue freezing or frostbite on dermal contact [058,
102,346,430]. Other symptoms include drowsiness, noisy talkativeness and
sensitizing effects on the myocardium [102]. It may also cause irregular
heartbeat [102,301]. It may cause liver and kidney damage, incoordination
and abdominal cramps [102,346,421,430]. It may cause slight symptoms of
inebriation [102,371,430]. Exposure may also cause lung irritation, damage
to internal organs, excitement and paralysis of respiration [301]. It may
cause lung damage [371,421]. This compound may irritate the kidneys and cause
fat accumulation in the kidneys, cardiac muscles and liver [051]. It is ab-
sorbed readily through the lungs, and rapidly given off through the lungs
[058,430]. Other symptoms reported include cardiac arrhythmias at high con-
centrations; rare allergic eczematous eruptions when sprayed on skin; and
hyperemia, edema, and hemorrhages in the internal organs, brain and lungs
[430]. It may also cause weak analgesia [102,421,430]. It may cause stupor.
The most serious problem from severe acute exposure, other than the anesthetic
effect, is the possibility of the potentiation of adrenalin, and the resultant
cardiac problems [421,430]. Exposure to this compound may cause death due to
respiratory or cardiac arrest [102,346]. Deaths are anesthetic in nature
[430].
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