NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000493
CAS NUMBER: 74-83-9
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: METHYLBROMIDE
PRIMARY NAME: METHYL BROMIDE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: CH3Br
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: CH3Br
WLN: E1
SYNONYMS:
BROMOMETHANE
DOWFUME MC-2
DOWFUME MC-33
EDCO
EMBAFUME
HALON 1001
ISCOBROME
MB
MBX
MEBR
METAFUME
METHOGAS
PESTMASTER
PROFUME
ROTOX
TERR-O-GAS 100
ZYTOX
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Colorless liquid or gas
REPOSITORY: Liquid in gas cylinders
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 94.94
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.6755 @ 20/4 C [017,395]
DENSITY: 1.732 g/mL @ 0 C [062,169]
MP (DEG C): -93 C [043,055,058,169]
BP (DEG C): 3.56 C [043,047,205,421]
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : Slightly soluble [025,058,295,421]
DMSO : Reacts [043]
95% ETHANOL : Soluble [395]
METHANOL : Not available
ACETONE : Not available
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Benzene: Soluble [053,395]
Alcohol: Soluble [017,047,053,205]
Chloroform: Soluble [047,053,205,395]
Carbon disulfide: Soluble [053,169,395]
Ether: Soluble [017,169,205,395]
Most organic solvents: Soluble [052,169,172,421]
Carbon tetrachloride: Soluble [053,395]
Lower alcohols: Soluble [169]
Esters: Soluble [169]
Ketones: Soluble [169]
Aromatic hydrocarbons: Soluble [169]
Halogenated hydrocarbons: Soluble [169]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 1250 mm Hg @ 20 C [053,051,062,071]
Vapor density: 3.3 [053,102,395,451]
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
This compound forms flammable mixtures between 10 and 15% (13.5-14.5% but
also 8.6-20% have been noted), the limits in oxygen, or under pressure being
wider [066]. Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemi-
cal, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used
[043,058, 451,610]. The autoignition temperature is 537 C (999 F) [058,102,
371,451].
UEL: 14.5% [043,053,102] LEL: 13.5% [043,053,058,102]
REACTIVITY:
This compound's explosive sensitivity of mixtures with air may be
increased by the presence of aluminum, magnesium, zinc or their alloys [043,
071]. It is incompatible with metals, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene oxide
[043]. It forms a crystalline hydrate with cold water and penetrates rubber
[036]. It is incompatible with strong oxidizers [052,053,102,346]. It is also
incompatible with trimethylsulfoxonium bromide [066]. It may attack some forms
of plastics, rubber and coatings [053,102]. In the presence of moisture, it is
corrosive to aluminum, tin, magnesium, zinc and their alloys [169].
STABILITY:
This compound is sensitive to sunlight [071]. It burns in oxygen [031,
062,173,395]. It is hydrolzed very slowly in water and more rapidly in
alkaline media [169].
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Burning taste [043,062,173,295]
Specific gravity: 1.732 @ 0/0 C [043,205]; 1.730 @ 0/4 C [031,047]
Forms a hydrate at 0-5 C [025]
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg @ -96.3 C; 40 mm Hg @ -54.2 C [038]
Will cling to the ground but will not dissolve to any great extent [051,071]
Forms a voluminous crystalline hydrate with cold water [062]
Viscosity: 0.397 centipoise @ 0 C [031]
Specific heat: 0.165 cal/g/C @ -96.6 C; 1.97 cal/g/C @ -13.0 C;
0.107 cal/g/C @ 25 C [031]
Critical temperature: 194 C [031]
Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1): >1 [102]
Liquid density at boiling point (4.6 C): 1722 kg/m3 [058]
Sinks and boils in water [371]
Liquid surface tension: 24.5 dynes/cm @ 15 C [371]
Vapor (gas) specific gravity: 3.3 [371]
Ratio of specific heats of vapor (gas): 1.247 [371]
Latent heat of vaporization: 59.7 cal/g [371]
Heat of combustion: -1771 cal/g [371]
Heat of fusion: 15.05 cal/g [371]
Reid vapor pressure: 45 psia [371]
Odorless in low concentrations [052,172,295,421]
Sweetish, chloroform-like odor at high concentrations [051,058,172,346]
Refractive index: 1.4432 @ -20 C [031]
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: PA4900000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LCLo ihl man 60000 ppm/2H
LCLo ihl chd 1 gm/m3/2H
TCLo ihl hmn 35 ppm
LC50 ihl rat 302 ppm/8H
LC50 ihl mus 1540 mg/m3/2H
LCLo ihl gpg 300 ppm/9H
TDLo skn hmn 40 gm/m3/40M-C
LD50 orl rat 214 mg/kg
LC50 ihl rbt 28900 mg/m3/30M
AQTX/TLM96: Over 1000 ppm
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: A human poison by inhalation. An experimental carcinogen by ingestion.
Human systemic effects by inhalation. Human mutagenic data. One of the
most toxic of the common organic halides. Methyl bromide is reported to
be eight times more toxic on inhalation than ethyl bromide. Moreover,
because of its greater volatility, it is a much more frequent cause of
poisoning. Fatal poisoning has always resulted from exposure to rela-
tively high concentrations of methyl bromide vapors (from 8,600 to 60,000
ppm). Nonfatal poisoning has resulted from exposure to concentrations as
low as 100-500 ppm.
CARCINOGENICITY:
Tumorigenic Data:
TDLo: orl-rat 3250 mg/kg/13W-I
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Limited Evidence
IARC Cancer Review: Human Inadequate Evidence
IARC: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen (Group 3) [015,395,610]
Status: NTP Carcinogenesis Studies; on test (two year studies), February 1989
MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
mmo-sat 400 ppm | oms-sat 3 pph
mma-sat 5 gm/m3 | mmo-klp 4750 mg/m3
slt-dmg-ihl 8 mg/L/1H-C | sln-dmg-ihl 150 mg/m3/6H
sce-hmn:lym 43000 pm | mnt-rat-ihl 338 ppm/6H/14D-I
msc-mus:lym 300 ug/L | mnt-mus-ihl 154 ppm/6H/14D-I
TERATOGENICITY: Not available
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: Ceiling Limit 20 ppm (skin) [610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 5 ppm (skin) [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 5 ppm (skin) [610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended exposure limit to this type of
compound-air: TWA reduce to lowest level [015]
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 3
Flammability (F): 1
Reactivity (R): 0
H3: Materials extremely hazardous to health but areas may be entered
with extreme care (see NFPA for details).
F1: Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur (see NFPA
for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Standards and Regulations: DOT-IMO: Poison A; Label: Poison Gas
DOT-Hazard: Poison B; Label: Poison
Status: EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, January 1989
NIOSH Current Intelligence Bulletin 43, 1984
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Methyl bromide, 2520
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
IDLH: 2000 ppm [371]
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Methyl bromide
UN/ID NUMBER: UN1062
HAZARD CLASS: 2 SUBSIDIARY RISK: 6.1 PACKING GROUP: None
LABELS REQUIRED: None
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: Forbidden MAXIMUM QUANTITY: Forbidden
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: Forbidden MAXIMUM QUANTITY: Forbidden
SPECIAL PROVISIONS: A2
USES:
This compound is used in ionization chambers, refrigerants, fire
extinguishing agents, organic synthesis as an methylating agent, preparation
of quarternary ammonium compounds, organo-tin derivatives and antipyrine. It
is also used as a soil and space fumigant, in the disinfestation of potatoes,
tomatoes and other crops, acaricidal fumigant, industrial solvent for extrac-
tion of plant oils, fungicide, herbicide, nematocide, rodenticide, insecticide
and in degreasing wool, nuts, seeds and flowers. Other uses include food
sterilization for pest control in fruits, vegetables, dairy products, nuts and
grains, selective solvent in aniline dyes, laboratory procedures and as an
intermediate in the manufacturing of many drugs.
COMMENTS: Not available
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound is toxic by inhalation, ingestion or through skin absorption
[051,062,071,451]. It is readily absorbed through the skin [051,071,102,301].
It is irritating to the eyes, skin, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract
and lungs [346]. It is narcotic at high concentrations [043,102]. It may
cause lacrimation from irritation of the eyes [102,395]. When heated to
decomposition it may emit toxic fumes of carbon dioxide [058]. It may also
emit toxic fumes of hydrogen bromide [053,058,102,151].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Permeation Test Results For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
The permeation test results for the neat (undiluted) chemical are given
below. The breakthrough times of this chemical are given for each glove type
tested. The table is a presentation of actual test results, not specific
recommendations or suggestions. Avoid glove types which exhibit breakthrough
times of less than the anticipated task time plus an adequate safety factor.
If this chemical makes direct contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture
or hole develops, replace them at once.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time
Latex Ackwell 5-109 0.15 mm 480 min
Butyl rubber North B-174 0.61 mm 480 min
PVC Edmont 34-100 0.18 mm 0 min
Neoprene Edmont 29-870 0.46 mm 480 min
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face
positive pressure supplied-air respirator or a self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA).
OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact
a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and
potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the
physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and
toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route
of exposure.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this material under ambient temperatures.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
This chemical should be used in a fume hood. If a leak occurs, FIRST
REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then the main valve of the gas cylinder should
be turned off and all personnel evacuated. Do not reenter the contaminated
area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that
the area has been properly ventilated.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
CAUTION: Exposure of skin to compressed gases may result in freezing
of the skin. Treatment for frostbite may be necessary.
Remove the victim from the source of contamination. IMMEDIATELY wash
affected areas gently with COLD water (and soap, if necessary) while
removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Dry carefully with clean,
soft towels.
Call a hospital or poison control center IMMEDIATELY even if no symptoms
(such as inflammation or irritation) develop.
Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected area if advised to do so by a physician.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
This compound is a gas, therefore inhalation is the first route of
exposure.
SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include anorexia, nausea, vomit-
ing, corrosion to the skin, severe skin burns, enlarged liver, kidney damage
with development of albuminuria and in fatal cases, cloudy swelling and tubular
degeneration. Central nervous system effects include, blurred vision, mental
confusion, numbness and tremors. Death following acute poisoning is usually
caused by its irritant efffect on the lungs. In chronic poisoning, death is
due to injury to the central nervous system [043]. Direct skin contact may
cause prickling, itching, cold sensation, erythemia, vesication, damage to
peripheral nerve tissue and delayed dermatitis. It may also cause double
vision, dizziness, headache, convulsions, muscular tremors, fatal pulmonary
edema and neurological and gastrointestinal disturbances [051,071]. It may
cause skin irritation [062]. Other symptoms may include mental excitement,
acute mania, bronchitis, pneumonia and severe eye damage [036]. It may cause
abdominal pain and death from respiratory or circulatory collapse [031,151].
It may also cause unconsciousness leading to a prompt "anesthetic" death,
malaise, ataxia, myoclonus, exaggerated (or absent) deep reflexes, positive
Romberg's sign, paroxysmal abnormalities of the EEG, great agitation, change of
personality, coma and mild euphoria [173]. Exposure to this compound may also
cause muscle weakness, loss of coordination and gait, hyperthermia, hepato- and
nephrotoxicity, behavioral changes, paralysis of extremities, delirium, epilep-
tiform attacks and skin lesions [421]. It may cause respiratory tract irrita-
tion, organic brain syndrome, psychological depression, seizures, prominent
cerebellar and parkinsonian signs, renal failure due to tubular necrosis, jaun-
dice, elevations of liver enzyme activity in serum and abnormal liver function,
lassitude, slurring of speech, staggering gait, diplopia, sometimes strabismus,
epileptiform convulsions, perhaps with a Jacksonian-type of progression, rapid
respirations, cyanosis, pallor and collapse, areflexia, impaired superficial
sensation, absent or hypoactive distal-tendon reflexes and bronchopneumonia
after severe pulmonary lesions [151]. It may also cause severe mucous membrane
burns [451]. Other symptoms may include DNA mutations and large chromosome
alterations [051]. It may cause congestion with coughing, chest pain, short-
ness of breath, confusion, shaking and unconsciousness, severe pulmonary
irritation and neurotoxicity, narcosis at high concentrations, vertigo, tremor
of the hands, dyspnea, hallucinations, anxiety, inability to concentrate, con-
junctivitis and dry, scaling, itching dermatitis [102]. It may also cause
lacrimation from irritation of the eyes, transient dimming of vision and blind-
ness for 12 hours, nystagmus on lateral gaze, delirium, apathy, aphasia, edema
of the papilla and punctiform hemorrhages may be found and optic atrophy [099].
In addition, it causes sleepiness, digestive problems, loss of stability, lack
of motor coordination, sensorial problems and impaired hearing [058]. Somno-
lence, permanent brain damage, lethargy and sensory disturbances can occur
[346]. It may cause anuria, hyperactivity, blood pressure fall, papilledema,
fainting attacks and bronchospasm [301]. It may also cause retinal and sub-
mucous hemorrhages, stomach congestion and congestion of the brain with multi-
ple hemorrhages associated with degenerative changes, such as necrosis [395].
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