NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 001521
CAS NUMBER: 64-17-5
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: ETHANOL
PRIMARY NAME: ETHANOL
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C2H6O
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: CH3CH2OH
WLN: Q2
SYNONYMS:
ALCOHOL
ETHYL ALCOHOL
ETHYL HYDRATE
ETHYL HYDROXIDE
METHYLCARBINOL
ABSOLUTE ETHANOL
ALGRAIN
COLOGNE SPIRIT
FERMENTATION ALCOHOL
GRAIN ALCOHOL
JAYSOL
JAYSOL S
MOLASSES ALCOHOL
NCI-C03134
POTATO ALCOHOL
SPIRIT
SPIRITS OF WINE
TECSOL
ALCOHOL, ANHYDROUS
ALCOHOL DEHYDRATED
ANHYDROL
ETHANOL 200 PROOF
ETHYL ALCOHOL ANHYDROUS
COLOGNE SPIRITS (ALCOHOL)
ETHANOL SOLUTION
SD ALCOHOL 23-HYDROGEN
UN 1170
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Clear, colorless, very mobile liquid
REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 46.07
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 0.7893 @ 20/4 C [017,025,042,051]
DENSITY: 0.790 g/mL @ 20 C [371]
MP (DEG C): -114.1 C [031,421,430]
BP (DEG C): 78.5 C [017,025,031,421,430]
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : >=100 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
P METHANOL : Miscible [062]
ACETONE : >=100 mg/mL @ 23 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Chloroform: Miscible [042,062,205]
Ether: Miscible [042,062,205]
Benzene: Soluble [017,047]
Most organic solvents: Miscible [025,031,051,421,430]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg @ 19 C [038,042,051]; 50 mm Hg @ 25 C [055,430]
Vapor density : 1.59 [042,051,058]
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
This chemical has a flash point of 13 C (55 F) [031,051,058,371,421]. It
is flammable. Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry
chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water fog may also be used
[058]. The autoignition temperature is 422.3 C (793 F) [042,051,421,430].
UEL: 19% [042,058,062,371,421] LEL: 3.3% [042,058,062,371,421]
REACTIVITY:
This chemical reacts violently with a wide range of oxidants [025,042,058,
269]. These oxidizing agents include hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, per-
chlorates, nitrates, aluminum, chromium trioxide and sulfuric acid [042,058].
It reacts violently with acetyl bromide, and Na + air [066]. It also reacts
violently with disulfuryl difluoride, phosphorous (III) oxide, platinum,
and potassium tert-butoxide [042,066]. It is incompatible with acids, acid
anhydrides, acid chlorides, and alkali metals [269]. It is also incompati-
ble with acetyl chloride, bromide pentafluoride, and calcium hypochlorite
[042,058]. It may react with (Ag2O + NH4OH), Cr(OCl)2, (cyanuric acid + H2O),
(H2O2 + H2SO4), (I + CH3OH + HgO), potassium, silver nitrate, [Mn(ClO4)2 +
2,2-dimethoxypropane], silver oxide, Hg(NO3)2, HClO4, (H2SO4 + permanganates),
HMnO4, KOC(CH3)3, (Ag + HNO3), AgNO3, AgClO4, NaH3N2, and UO2(ClO4)2 [042].
STABILITY:
This chemical is hygroscopic [025,031,269]. Solutions of this chemical in
water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under
normal lab conditions (RAD).
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Refractive index: 1.3611 @ 20 C
100% volatile by volume
Solidifies below -130 C [042,051,421,430]
Odor threshold: 10 ppm
Mild, pleasant odor
Burning taste
Specific gravity: 0.7904 @ 20/20 C [430]; 0.8201 @ 15/15 C [058]
Boiling point: 39.8 C @ 130 mm Hg; 4 C @ 16 mm Hg [025]
Vapor pressure: 60 mm Hg @ 26.0 C [038]; 75 mm Hg @ 30 C [055]
Forms an azeotrope in water, containing 4.43% water by weight (boiling
point of 78.15 C)
Evaporation rate (butyl acetate = 1): 2.7
Critical point: 243 C @ 62.7 atmospheres
log P octanol: -0.32
Heat of combustion: 6425 cal/g
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: KQ6300000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LDLo orl chd 2000 mg/kg
TDLo orl man 50 mg/kg
TDLo orl man 1430 ug/kg
TDLo orl wmn 256 gm/kg/12W
LD50 orl rat 7060 mg/kg
LC50 ihl rat 20000 ppm/10H
LD50 ipr rat 3750 mg/kg
LD50 ivn rat 1440 mg/kg
LD50 orl mus 7500 mg/kg
LC50 ihl mus 39 gm/m3/4H
LD50 ipr mus 933 mg/kg
LD50 ivn mus 1973 mg/kg
LDLo orl dog 5500 mg/kg
LDLo ipr dog 3000 mg/kg
LDLo scu dog 6000 mg/kg
LDLo ivn dog 1600 mg/kg
LDLo orl cat 6000 mg/kg
LDLo ivn cat 3945 mg/kg
LD50 orl rbt 6300 mg/kg
LDLo skn rbt 20 gm/kg
LD50 ivn rbt 2374 mg/kg
LD50 orl gpg 5560 mg/kg
LD50 ipr gpg 3414 mg/kg
LDLo scu pgn 5 gm/kg
LDLo scu ckn 5 gm/kg
LDLo ivn ckn 8216 mg/kg
LDLo scu frg 7100 mg/kg
LD50 ipr mam 4300 mg/kg
LD50 ipr ham 5068 mg/kg
LD50 ipr rbt 963 mg/kg
LDLo orl hmn 1400 mg/kg
LDLo scu inf 19440 mg/kg
LDLo scu mus 4 gm/kg
TDLo orl man 700 mg/kg
AQTX/TLM96: over 1000 ppm
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: MODERATE-LOW via oral, intravenous and dermal routes; probably also via
inhalation routes. MUTATION data. It is rapidly oxidized in the body to
carbon dioxide and water, and no cumulative effect occurs. Concentra-
tions below 1000 ppm usually produce no signs of intoxication. It is a
central nervous system depressant in humans. It causes teratogenic
effects, equivoal tumorigenic effects, gastrointestinal effects and
glandular effects in humans.
CARCINOGENICITY:
Tumorigenic Data:
TDLo: orl-mus 320 mg/kg/50W-I
TD : orl-mus 400 gm/kg/57W-I
TDLo: rec-mus 120 gm/kg/18W-I
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Inadequate Evidence
IARC human carcinogen (Group 1) [610]
MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
mmo-asn 20 pph | cyt-hmn:lym 1160 gm/L
cyt-hmn:fbr 12000 ppm | mnt-mus-ipr 1240 mg/kg/2D
sce-mus-orl 420 mg/kg/3W | dlt-mus-orl 3720 mg/kg/3D
spm-mus-orl 1500 mg/kg/50D | sln-asn 30 gm/L
mmo-smc 24 pph | cyt-smc 1 mol/tube
dni-hmn:lym 220 mmol/L | cyt-rat-orl 2 gm/kg
cyt-mus-orl 40 gm/kg | sce-ham:ovr 3900 mg/L
mnt-dog:lym 400 umol/L | cyt-hmn:leu 1 pph/72H-C
mmo-esc 140 gm/L | sce-hmn:lym 500 ppm/72H-C
cyt-ham:ovr 100 ppm | oth-rat-orl 3 gm/kg
mrc-asn 5 pph |
TERATOGENICITY:
Reproductive Effects Data:
TDLo: orl-wmn 41 gm/kg (41W preg)
TDLo: ivn-wmn 8 gm/kg (32W preg)
TDLo: iut-wmn 200 mg/kg (5D pre)
TDLo: orl-rat 4 gm/kg (13D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 322 gm/kg (35D male)
TDLo: orl-rat 12 gm/kg (9-12D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 132 gm/kg (1-22D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 24 gm/kg (14-16D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 354 gm/kg (10D post)
TDLo: orl-rat 4 gm/kg (6-15D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 90 gm/kg (1-15D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 44 gm/kg (7-17D preg)
TCLo: ihl-rat 20000 ppm/7H (1-22D preg)
TDLo: ipr-rat 2240 mg/kg (9-12D preg)
TDLo: ipr-rat 600 mg/kg (8-15D preg)
TDLo: ivn-rat 4 gm/kg (6-7D preg)
TDLo: ivn-rat 3 gm/kg (6-7D preg)
TDLo: ivn-rat 4 gm/kg (6-7D preg)
TDLo: ice-rat 5 mg/kg (1D pre)
TDLo: unr-rat 60 gm/kg (9-14D preg)
TDLo: itt-rat 400 mg/kg (1D male)
TDLo: iut-rat 2400 mg/kg (10D preg)
TDLo: mul-rat 642 gm/kg (1-21D preg/23D post)
TDLo: mul-rat 373 gm/kg (23D post)
TDLo: orl-mus 162 gm/kg (11-19D preg)
TDLo: orl-mus 21 gm/kg (1-21D preg)
TDLo: orl-mus 5800 mg/kg (7D preg)
TDLo: orl-mus 75600 mg/kg (5-11D preg)
TDLo: orl-mus 5500 mg/kg (9D preg)
TDLo: orl-mus 1680 gm/kg (70D male)
TDLo: ipr-mus 5800 mg/kg (10D preg)
TDLo: ipr-mus 5800 mg/kg (7D preg)
TDLo: ipr-mus 5622 ug/kg (10D preg)
TDLo: ipr-mus 4 mg/kg (10D preg)
TDLo: ipr-mus 4300 mg/kg (10D preg)
TDLo: orl-dog 21600 mg/kg (1-60D preg)
TDLo: orl-dog 260 gm/kg (1-62D preg)
TDLo: orl-dog 221 gm/kg (1-47D preg)
TDLo: itt-dog 100 mg/kg (1D male)
TDLo: orl-mky 130 gm/kg (3-21W preg)
TDLo: orl-mky 400 mg/kg (2-21W preg)
TDLo: orl-mky 206 gm/kg (90D pre)
TDLo: orl-rbt 3945 mg/kg (1D pre)
TDLo: orl-rbt 3750 mg/kg (1D pre)
TDLo: orl-pig 2648 gm/kg (78W pre/1-16W preg)
TDLo: orl-gpg 90 gm/kg (1-68D preg)
TDLo: ivn-dom 94 gm/kg (14-21W preg)
TDLo: orl-mam 31500 mg/kg (15-35D preg)
TDLo: ivn-dom 40 gm/kg (14-17W preg)
TDLo: ipr-rat 600 mg/kg (8-15D preg)
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 1000 ppm [610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: None
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 0
Flammability (F): 3
Reactivity (R): 0
H0: Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no
hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material (see NFPA for
details).
F3: Materials which can be ignited under almost all normal temperature
conditions (see NFPA for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
skn-rbt 400 mg open MLD
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H SEV
eye-rbt 79 mg
eye-rbt 100 mg/24H MOD
eye-rbt 100 mg/4S rns MOD
Review: Toxicology Review-12
Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: Flammable liquid; Label: Flammable
liquid
DOT-IMO: Flammable or combustible liquid;
Label: Flammable liquid
Status: EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Alcohols I, 1400; in blood, see
2-Butanone, Ethanol 8002
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, December 1986
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Positive: Rodent dominant lethal
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative/limited: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: Aspergillus-forward mutation;
SHE-clonal assay
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat
embryo
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: In vitro cytogenetics-nonhuman;
Mammalian micronucleus
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: N crassa-aneuploidy; Histidine
reversion-Ames test
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: In vitro SCE-human lymphocytes;
In vitro SCE-human
EPA Genetox Program 1986, Negative: In vitro SCE-nonhuman; Sperm
morphology-mouse
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Ethanol
UN/ID NUMBER: UN1170
HAZARD CLASS: 3 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: II
LABELS REQUIRED: Flammable liquid
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 305, Y305 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 5 L, 1 L
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 307 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 60 L
SPECIAL PROVISIONS: A58
USES:
Alcoholic beverages; solvent in laboratory and industry (for resins, fats,
fatty acids, oils, and hydrocarbons); extraction medium; antiseptic; sed-
ative; manufacture of perfumes, pharmaceuticals (rubbing compounds, lotions,
tonics, and colognes), denatured alcohol, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, ethyl-
acetate, ethylene, 2-ethyl hexanol, nitrocellulose, ethylchloride, ether,
butadiene, ethylene dibromide, lacquers, plastics and plasticizers, cosmetics,
rubber and rubber accelerators, aerosols, mouthwash products, soaps and clean-
ing preparations, polishes, dyes, adhesives, inks, preservatives, pesticides,
and explosives; gasoline additive/substitute; elastomers; surface coatings;
antifreeze; yeast growth medium; organic synthesis; in veterinary medicine as
an antiseptic, to destroy nerve tissue and as a solvent and dehydrating agent.
COMMENTS: Not available
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound is harmful by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption [269].
It is an irritant of the eyes, nose and throat [042,346,371,421]. It is
also an irritant of the skin [269,406]. Flashback along the vapor trail
may occur [058,371]. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide [058,269].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING: Not available
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Recommended Glove Type For Use With Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
Recommendations based on permeation test results are made for handling
the neat (undiluted) chemical. If this chemical makes direct contact with
your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once.
Suggested Glove Type (RAD) Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time
Butyl rubber North B-174 0.58 mm 480 min.
Neoprene Edmont 29-870 0.48 mm 300 min.
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face
positive pressure supplied-air respirator or a self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA). [651]
OTHER: Not available
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should store this chemical in an explosion-proof refrigerator,
and protect it from moisture. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then,
use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Seal the absorbent
paper, as well as any of your clothing which may be contaminated, in a vapor-
tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash any surfaces you may have
contaminated with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated
area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that
the area has been properly cleaned.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT:
You should dispose of all waste and contaminated materials
associated with this chemical as specified by existing local,
state and federal regulations concerning hazardous waste disposal.
It is suggested that your contaminated materials should be destroyed
by incineration in a special, high temperature (>2000 degrees F),
chemical incinerator facility.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a
physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in
the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to
transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being
aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical
problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of
water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control
center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include irritation of the eyes
and nose, drowsiness and headache [042,346,371,430]. Other symptoms may
include stupor, nausea, mental excitement or depression, vomiting, flushing
and coma [031]. It can cause irritation of the respiratory tract, intra-
ocular tension, ataxia, sleepiness, narcosis, impaired perception and incoor-
dination [421]. It can also cause lowered inhibitions, dizziness, shallow
respiration, unconsciousness and death [062,301]. Eye contact results in
immediate stinging and burning, with reflex closure of the lids and tearing;
transitory injury of the corneal epithelium and hyperemia of the conjuncti-
va [099,421]. Other symptoms may include irritation of the throat, lassitude
and loss of appetite [042]. Vapor exposure may cause watering of the eyes
[099]. It can cause mild redness and burning of the skin, sensory and motor
disturbances, mood swings, overconfidence, dulled then lost discrimination,
memory, concentration, and insight; vasodilatation, increased sweating and
heat sensation [406]. It can also cause drunkenness, slow comprehension,
numbness and fatigue [430]. Slurred speech, visual impairment such as
blurred or double vision and slowed reaction time may result [301]. Other
symptoms may include nervousness and tremors [058]. Chronic symptoms may
include weight loss, cirrhosis of the liver, gastroenteritis, anorexia, diar-
rhea, polyneuritis with pain, motor and sensory loss in the extremities, op-
tic atrophy and loss or impairment of other abilities, excitement, acute and
chronic gastritis, malabsorption syndrome, acute and chronic pancreatitis,
anemia due to acute or chronic blood myopathy, alcoholic cardiomyopathy, lac-
tic acidosis, hypomagnesemia, hypouricemia, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary aspira-
tion and respiratory infections [301]. Chronic exposure may also result in
serious neurological and mental disorders (e.g. brain damage, memory loss,
sleep disturbances, and psychoses) [406]. Other symptoms include mucous mem-
brane irritation, central nervous system depression, giddiness, jaundice, pain
in upper abdomen on the right side and staggering gait [058]. It may cause
liver, kidney and heart damage [269]. The pupils are sometimes widely dilated
and unreactive to light [099]. The liquid can defat the skin, producing a
dermatitis characterized by drying and fissuring [058,346]. It rarely causes
temporary blindness [099]. Ingestion of this compound can enhance the effects
of coumarin, anticoagulants, antihistamines, hypnotics, sedatives, tranquiliz-
ers, insulin, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and antidepressants [301].
SOURCES
SOURCES:
[015] Lewis, R.J., Sr. and R.L. Tatken, Eds. Registry of Toxic Effects
of Chemical Substances. Microfiche Ed. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati, OH. Quarterly
Updates. KQ6300000.
[017] Weast, R.C., M.J. Astle, and W.H. Beyer, Eds. CRC Handbook of
Chemistry and Physics. 67th Ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton,
FL. 1986. p. C-267, #6708.
[025] Buckingham, J., Ed. Dictionary of Organic Compounds. 5th Ed.
Chapman and Hall. New York. 1982. Vol. 3, pp. 2487-2488,
#E-00509.
[031] Windholz, M., Ed. The Merck Index. 10th Ed. Merck and Co.
Rahway, NJ. 1983. pp. 34-35, #212.
[036] Bretherick, L., Ed. Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory. 4th Ed.
The Royal Society of Chemistry. London. 1986. pp. 325-326.
[038] Stull, D.R. Vapor pressure of pure substances: Organic Compounds.
Industrial and Engineering Chem. 39(4):517-550. 1947. p. 519.
[039] Boublik, T., V. Fried and E. Hala. The Vapor Pressures of Pure
Substances. p. 604.
[042] Sax, N.I. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials. 6th Ed.
Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1984. pp. 1316-1317.
[047] Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle, Eds. CRC Handbook of Data on
Organic Compounds. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.
1985. Vol. I, p. 609, #E00376.
[051] Sax, N. Irving, Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
Report. Bi-monthly Updates. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
New York. September/October 1981; Vol. 1, No. 7, pp. 55-57.
[052] Midwest Research Institute. MRI Report for Ethanol. Kansas City,
MO. March 26, 1980.
[055] Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. 2nd Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1983.
pp. 616-619.
[058] Information Handling Services. Material Safety Data Sheets
Service. Microfiche Ed. Bimonthly Updates. Dec 1987/Jan 1988.
#7900-681, E-03; #9106-022, D-11.
[062] Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis Sr., Eds. Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary. 11th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1987.
pp. 477-478.
[066] Bretherick, L. Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. 3rd Ed.
Butterworths. London. 1985. pp. 289-291.
[082] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory: 1985
Edition. 5 Vols. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C. January 1986. Listed.
[099] Grant, W. Morton, M.D. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd Ed. Charles
C. Thomas, Publisher. Springfield, IL. 1986. pp. 53-59.
[107] Occupational Health Services, Inc. Hazardline. Occupational
Health Services, Inc. New York. Listed.
[110] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Mutagen Information
Center (EMIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
[120] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Teratogen Information
Center (ETIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
[151] Gosselin, R.E., H.C. Hodge, and R.P. Smith. Clinical Toxicology
of Commercial Products. 5th Ed. Williams and Wilkins, Co.
Baltimore. 1984. p. II-174, #412.
[165] Wiswesser, W.J., Ed. Pesticide Index. Entomological Society
of America. College Park, MD. 1976. p. 106.
[195] Estrin, F.E., P.A. Crosley and C.R. Haynes, Eds. CFTA Cosmetic
Ingredient Dictionary. 3rd Ed. The Cosmetic, Toiletry and
Fragrance Assn. Inc. Washington. 1982. p. 8.
[205] Dean, John A., Ed. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 13th Ed.
McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1985. p. 7-381, #e38.
[269] Lenga, Robert E. The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data.
Edition 1. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Milwaukee, WI. 1985.
p. 877, #A.
[274] Aldrich Chemical Company. Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine
Chemical. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. Milwaukee, WI.
1986. p. 618, #27,074-1.
[301] Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning: Prevention, Diagnosis
and Treatment. 11th Ed. Lange Medical Publications. Los
Altos, CA. 1983. pp. 185-189.
[325] Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records
Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Labor,
Parts 1900 to 1910. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Washington. 1986. p. 656.
[346] Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens.
2nd Ed. Noyes, Publications. Park Ridge, NJ. 1985. pp. 410-411.
[371] U.S. Coast Guard, Department of Transportation. CHRIS
Hazardous Chemical Data. U.S. Coast Guard. Washington,
D.C. 1985. Volume I.
[406] Goodman, L.S., A. Gilman, F. Murad and T.W. Rall, Eds. The
Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 7th Ed. Macmillan
Publishing Co. New York. 1985. pp. 372-381.
[414] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices
for 1987-1988. American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati, OH. 1987. p. 21.
[421] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values. 5th Ed.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Cincinnati, OH. 1986. p. 242.
[430] Clayton, G.D. and F.E. Clayton, Eds. Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology. Vol. 2. Third Revised Edition. John Wiley
and Sons. New York. 1981. Vol. IIC, pp. 4541-4556.
[610] Clansky, Kenneth B., Ed. Suspect Chemicals Sourcebook: A Guide to
Industrial Chemicals Covered Under Major Federal Regulatory and
Advisory Programs. Roytech Publications, Inc. Burlingame, CA.
1990. Section 3, p. 12.
[620] United States National Toxicology Program. Chemical Status Report.
NTP Chemtrack System. Research Triangle Park, NC. November 6, 1990.
Not listed.
-------------------------------------------------------------