NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000398
CAS NUMBER: 56-23-5
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: CARBONTETRACHLORIDE
PRIMARY NAME: CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: CCl4
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: CCl4
WLN: GXGGG
SYNONYMS:
CARBON CHLORIDE
CARBON TET
METHANE TETRACHLORIDE
PERCHLOROMETHANE
TETRACHLOROCARBON
TETRACHLOROMETHANE
BENZINOFORM
CARBONA
ENT 4,705
ENT 27164
FASCIOLIN
FLUKOIDS
NECATORINA
NECATORINE
R 10
RCRA WASTE NUMBER U211
TETRACHLOORMETAAN
TETRAFINOL
TETRAFORM
TETRASOL
UN 1846
UNIVERM
VERMOESTRICID
R 10 (REFRIGERANT)
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Clear, heavy, colorless liquid
REPOSITORY: Clear colorless liquid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 153.82
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: 1.5940 @ 20/4 C [017,047]
DENSITY: 1.597 g/mL @ 20 C [043,051]
MP (DEG C): -23 C [047,055,172,275]
BP (DEG C): 76.7 C [031,055,205,395]
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : <1 mg/mL @ 21 C (RAD)
DMSO : >=100 mg/mL @ 21 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : >=100 mg/mL @ 21 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Not available
ACETONE : >=100 mg/mL @ 21 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Chloroform: Miscible [031,062,295,395]
Carbon disulfide: Miscible [031,173]
Petroleum ether: Miscible [031,173]
Solvent naphtha: Miscible [062,395]
Ether: Miscible [031,062,295,455]
Benzene: Miscible [031,062,173,430]
Most organic solvents: Miscible [172,421]
Oils: Miscible [031,173]
Dehydrated alcohol: Miscible [031,173,295,455]
Light petroleum: Miscible [295]
Absolute ethanol: Soluble [052]
Fat solvents: Miscible [395]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 91 mm Hg @ 20 C [107,301,421]; 113 mm Hg @ 25 C [055,430]
Vapor density : 5.3 [051,058,371,421]
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable [031,107,
295,451]. Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical,
carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.
UEL: Not available LEL: Not available
REACTIVITY:
This chemical can react violently with allyl alcohol, triethylaluminum
sesquichlorides, bromine trifluoride, lithium, disilane, potassium-tert-
butoxide, liquid oxygen, sodium-potassium alloy, (silver perchlorate + hydro-
chloric acid), tetrasilane, trisilane, uranium, zirconium and burning wax
[043,051,451]. It can also react violently with aluminum trichloride, chlor-
ine trifluoride, dimethylformamide, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachlorocyclohexane and
dinitrogen tetraoxide [043]. It may react violently with fluorine, aluminum,
barium, beryllium, potassium, sodium and zinc [036,043,066]. It is reduced by
acid [395]. A cobalt/molybdenum-alumina catalyst will generate a substantial
exotherm on contact with its vapor in the presence of air. It is incompatible
with triethyl dialuminum trichloride, borane, carbaboranes or their deriva-
tives, calcium hypochlorite and 1,11-diamino-3,6,9-triazaundecane [066]. Mag-
nesium and zinc may react with a mixture of this compound and methanol [043,
066]. It is also incompatible with other chemically active metals such as
magnesium [058,107,346,421]. It may react with alkali metals and oxidizing
agents [058,269]. It reacts slowly with copper and lead. It reacts, some-
times explosively, with aluminum alloys. It forms telomers with ethylene and
vinyl compounds under pressure in the presence of a peroxide inhibitor [395].
When mixed with ethylene and initiated by dibenzoyl peroxide, it may explode.
In the presence of iron, and at temperatures well below 100 C, a potentially
dangerous reaction with dimethylformamide may occur [036,066]. It may explode
with calcium disilicide [036,043,066]. It may attack some forms of plastics,
rubber and coatings [053,421]. It ignites in oxygen at 100 C [066]. Violent
reactions may result when mixed with decaborane or diborane. A potentially
explosive reaction may occur with dimethylacetamide when iron is present as
a catalyst [043]. It reacts with plutonium [451].
STABILITY:
This chemical is sensitive to light [053,269,295,455]. It is also
sensitive to heat and moist air [058]. It is slowly decomposed by light
and various metals if moisture is present [053,295]. It is decomposed by
water at high temperatures [172,173]. Solutions of this chemical in water,
DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should be stable for 24 hours under normal lab
conditions (RAD).
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Ethereal odor [043,051,058,451]
Refractive index: 1.4607 @ 20 C [062,172,395]; 1.4631 @ 15 C [026]
Specific gravity: 1.585 @ 25/4 C [062,395,430]; 1.632 @ 0/4 C [026]
Specific gravity: 1.589 @ 25/25 C [031]
Vapor pressure: 40 mm Hg @ 4.3 C; 60 mm Hg @ 12.3 C; 200 mm Hg @ 38.3 C [038]
Vapor pressure: 56 mm Hg @ 10 C; 137 mm Hg @ 30 C [055]
Vapor pressure: 100 mm Hg @ 23 C [038,043,051]
Solidifies @ -23 C [031,058,173]
Critical temperature: 283 C [058]
Critical pressure: 45 atmospheres [058]
Evaporation rate (butyl acetate=1): 12.8 [421]
Freezes to trimorphous solid having melting points of -28.6 C, -23.8 C and
-21.2 C [026]
Burning taste [295,455]
Odor threshold (lower): 21.4 ppm [051]
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: FG4900000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
TCLo ihl hmn 20 ppm
TDLo orl wmn 1800 mg/kg
TDLo orl man 1700 mg/kg
LCLo ihl hmn 1000 ppm
TCLo ihl hmn 45 ppm/3D
TCLo ihl hmn 317 ppm/30M
LCLo ihl hmn 5 pph/5M
LDLo unr man 93 mg/kg
LD50 orl rat 2350 mg/kg
LC50 ihl rat 8000 ppm/4H
LD50 skn rat 5070 mg/kg
LD50 ipr rat 1500 mg/kg
LD50 orl mus 8263 mg/kg
LC50 ihl mus 9526 ppm/8H
LD50 ipr mus 572 mg/kg
LD50 scu mus 31 gm/kg
LCLo ihl dog 14620 ppm/8H
LD50 ipr dog 1500 mg/kg
LDLo ivn dog 125 mg/kg
LDLo scu cat 300 mg/kg
LD50 orl rbt 5760 mg/kg
LDLo ipr rbt 478 mg/kg
LDLo scu rbt 3000 mg/kg
LD50 ivn rbt 5840 mg/kg
LD50 orl gpg 5760 mg/kg
LCLo ihl gpg 20000 ppm/2H
LCLo ihl frg 58000 mg/m3
LC50 ihl mam 34500 mg/m3
LCLo ihl cat 38110 ppm/2H
LDLo orl dog 1 gm/kg
LD50 ipr ckn 4497 mg/kg
AQTX/TLM96: Not available
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: A human poison by ingestion and possibly other routes. Poison by
subcutaneous and intravenous routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation.
An experimental carcinogen, neoplastigen, tumorigen, teratogen and
suspected human carcinogen. An eye and skin irritant. Mutagenic
data. A narcotic. Individual susceptibility varies widely. It has
a narcotic action resembling that of chloroform, though not as strong.
The after-effects following recovery from narcosis are more serious
than those of delayed chloroform poisoning, usually taking the form
of damage to the kidneys, liver and lungs. When recovery takes place,
there may be no permanent disability. Marked variation in individual
susceptibility to this compound exists; some persons appear to be
unaffected by exposures which seriously poison their fellow workers.
Concentrations on the order of 1000 to 1500 ppm are sufficient to
cause symptoms if exposure continues for several hours. Repeated daily
exposure to such concentration may result in poisoning.
CARCINOGENICITY:
Tumorigenic Data:
TDLo: scu-rat 15600 mg/kg/12W-I
TDLo: orl-mus 4400 mg/kg/19W-I
TDLo: orl-ham 9250 mg/kg/30W-I
TDLo: par-mus 305 gm/kg/30W-I
TD : scu-rat 182 gm/kg/70W-I
TD : orl-mus 12 gm/kg/88D-I
TD : scu-rat 100 gm/kg/25W-I
TD : scu-rat 31 gm/kg/12W-I
TD : orl-mus 8580 mg/kg/9W-I
TD : orl-mus 57600 mg/kg/12W-I
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence
IARC Cancer Review: Human Inadequate Evidence
IARC possible human carcinogen (Group 2B) [395,610]
ACGIH TLV-suspected human carcinogen [015,415,421,610]
Status: NTP Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1984
EPA Carcinogen Assessment Group [610]
NTP anticipated human carcinogen [610]
MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
dnd-esc 300 ppm | dnd-mus-ipr 367 umol/kg
dnd-rat-ipr 367 umol/kg | dnd-mus:lvr 10 umol
dnd-rat-scu 31 gm/kg/12W-I | dni-mus-orl 2 gm/kg
dnd-rat:lvr 3 mmol/L | dnr-esc 12500 ng/well
sln-asn 5000 ppm | otr-ham:emb 500 ug/L
cyt-rat-scu 31 gm/kg/12W-I | dnd-mam:lym 1 mmol/L
mmo-sat 20 uL/L | dnd-mus-orl 335 umol/kg
dns-mus-orl 100 mg/kg | mmo-asn 5000 ppm
mrc-asn 5000 ppm | sln-ham:lng 1600 umol/L
dnd-mus:lym 6550 umol/L |
TERATOGENICITY:
Reproductive Effects Data:
TDLo: orl-rat 2 gm/kg (7-8D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 3 gm/kg (14D preg)
TDLo: orl-rat 7691 mg/kg (10D male)
TCLo: ihl-rat 300 ppm/7H (6-15D preg)
TCLo: ihl-rat 250 ppm/8H (10-15D preg)
TDLo: ipr-rat 71500 mg/kg (15D male)
TDLo: par-rat 2384 mg/kg (18D preg)
TDLo: ipr-rat 5 gm/kg (1D male)
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 10 ppm; Ceiling Limit 25 ppm;
Peak 200 ppm/5M/4H [327,545,610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 2 ppm [015,610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 5 ppm (skin) [015,415,421,610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: Recommended exposure limit to this compound-air:
Ceiling Limit 2 ppm/60M [015]
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 3
Flammability (F): 0
Reactivity (R): 0
H3: Materials extremely hazardous to health but areas may be entered
with extreme care (see NFPA for details).
F0: Materials that will not burn (see NFPA for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
skn-rbt 4 mg MLD
skn-rbt 500 mg/24H MLD
eye-rbt 2200 ug/30S MLD
eye-rbt 500 mg/24H MLD
Review: Toxicology Review-10
Standards and Regulations: DOT-Hazard: ORM-A; Label: None
DOT-IMO: Poison B; Label: Poison
Status: EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Carcinogenicity-mouse/rat;
S cerevisiae gene conversion
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: S cerevisiae-homozygosis;
S cerevisiae-reversion
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: Histidine reversion-Ames test;
Sperm morphology-mouse
EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1986
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0979-0310
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0378-0110
EPA TSCA Section 8(e) Status Report 8EHQ-0378-0113
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, June 1989
NIOSH Analytical Methods: see Hydrocarbons, Halogenated, 1003
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
IDLH value: 300 ppm [346,371]
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Carbon tetrachloride
UN/ID NUMBER: UN1846
HAZARD CLASS: 6.1 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: II
LABELS REQUIRED: Poison
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 610, Y610 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 5 L, 1 L
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 612 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 60 L
SPECIAL PROVISIONS: None
USES:
This compound is used in fire extinguishers, in refrigerants, in mixtures
with potent fumigants to reduce the fire hazard, to render benzene nonflammable
and separate xylene isomers as components to reduce flammability. It is also
used as a metal degreaser, as an agricultural fumigant and as a solvent for
lacquers, varnishes, waxes, resins, fats, oils, rubber, organic compounds and
rubber cement. It is used as a dry cleaning solvent, in cable manufacture, in
the production of semiconductors, in blowing agents, in fluorocarbon propel-
lants and chlorofluoromethanes. In veterinary medicine, it is used as an
anthelmintic and to treat liver fluke infections in sheep. It is also used
as an azeotropic drying agent for wet spark plugs in automobiles, to extract
oil from flowers and seeds, as an extractant and intermediate in many indus-
trial processes, in polymer technology as a reaction medium, catalyst and
chain transfer agent, as a solvent for resins and in organic synthesis for
chlorination of organic compounds used in soap perfumery and insecticidal
industries.
COMMENTS:
This compound is not now recommended for extinguishing fires, as phosgene
is liable to be formed [036]. It has been banned for household use by the FDA
[043]. Man appears to be unusually susceptible to poisoning by this compound
[151].
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound is toxic by ingestion, inhalation or skin absorption
[031,036,062,451]. It is an irritant of the skin, eyes, mucous membranes
and respiratory tract [043,058,107,269]. It is readily absorbed through
the skin [102,269,421,430]. It may cause lacrimation [043,051]. It is
narcotic [043,051,062,102]. When heated to decomposition it emits irritating
fumes and toxic fumes of chlorine, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen
chloride and phosgene [043,058,395,451]. It may also emit other hydrocarbon
products [051].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Permeation Test Results For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
The permeation test results for the neat (undiluted) chemical are given
below. The breakthrough times of this chemical are given for each glove type
tested. The table is a presentation of actual test results, not specific
recommendations or suggestions. Avoid glove types which exhibit breakthrough
times of less than the anticipated task time plus an adequate safety factor.
If this chemical makes direct contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture
or hole develops, replace them at once.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Breakthrough Time
PVA Edmont 25-545 0.33 mm 480 min
Viton North F-091 0.23 mm 480 min
Nitrile North 37-155 0.38 mm 200 min
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
When working with this chemical, wear a NIOSH-approved full face
positive pressure supplied-air respirator or a self-contained breathing
apparatus (SCBA).
OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact
a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and
potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the
physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and
toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route
of exposure.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should protect this material from exposure to light and moisture.
Keep it away from oxidizing materials and store it under refrigerated
temperatures. If possible, it would be prudent to store this compound
under inert atmosphere.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION. Then,
use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated
clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for
eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol
followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the
contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has
verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms
(such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected areas.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being
aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical
problems.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of
water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control
center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound may include headache, mental
confusion, central nervous system depression, fatigue, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, coma, abdominal cramps, dizziness, unconsciousness, weakness,
amnesia, paresthesia, tremors, jaundice, and liver and kidney damage [107,
301]. It may also cause depression, loss of appetite, bronchitis, internal
irritation, stupor and damage to the heart and nervous system [036]. Skin
contact may remove the natural lipid cover of the skin [031,346]. It may
also lead to a dry, scaly, fissured dermatitis. Other symptoms include gas-
trointestinal disturbances, abdominal pain, diarrhea, enlarged and tender
liver, toxic hepatitis, diminished urinary volume, red and white blood cells
in the urine and albuminuria [186,346]. It may also cause narcosis, lung
damage, acute nephrosis of the kidney, polyneuritis, narrowing of visual
fields and other neurological changes, cirrhosis of the liver, lacrimation,
burning of the eyes, malaise, dark urine, renal casts, uremia, epigastric
distress, visual disturbances (such as blind spots, spots before the eyes,
visual "haze" and restriction of the visual fields) and death [043,051].
Exposure to this compound depresses and injures almost all cells of the
body, including the central nervous system, liver, kidney and blood vessels.
Depression of the heart muscle may result in ventricular arrhythmias. Damage
to the kidneys may result in marked edema and fatty degeneration of the tub-
ules. Other symptoms include slowed respiration, slowed or irregular pulse,
fall of blood pressure, sudden weight gain, azotemia, anemia, blurred vision
and loss of peripheral color vision [301]. It may also cause drowsiness,
giddiness, oliguria, cellular necrosis of the liver, acute nephritis and
aplastic anemia [295]. Eye and skin irritation, dyspnea, hematemesis, hema-
turia, proteinuria, weight loss, cyanosis and miosis have also been reported
[107]. Ingestion of this compound with alcohol will intensify the effects of
the chemical [031,051,186,295]. Other symptoms include hepatomegaly, optic
atrophy, optic neuritis and pulmonary edema [051]. It may also cause a per-
manent reduction in vision, deafness and retrobulbar neuritis [099]. Mucous
membrane irritation and anesthesia have also been reported [172]. Hepatic
nodular hyperplasia may also occur [186]. Other symptoms include sleepiness,
increased peristalsis, erythema, gastroenteritis and death from ventricular
fibrillation [173]. It may cause disorientation [058]. Alveolitis has
occurred [395]. It may cause irritation of the nose and throat, a sense of
fullness in the head, convulsions, hepatic steatosis, hypertension, acidosis
and sudden death from depression of vital medullary centers [406]. Other
symptoms include flatulence, fatty liver, elevated SGOT and elevated serum
bilirubin [421]. It may also cause incoordination, vertigo and increased
nitrogen retention [102]. Other symptoms are pupillary constriction,
unspecified respiratory system and gastrointestinal system effects, somnolence,
severe gastrointestinal upset and liver enlargement [043].
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