NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 000430
CAS NUMBER: 50-32-8
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: BENZOPYRENE,(A)-
PRIMARY NAME: BENZO(A)PYRENE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C20H12
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: Not printable
WLN: L D6 B6666 2AB TJ
SYNONYMS:
B(A)P
1,2-BENZOPYRENE
3,4-BENZOPYRENE
3,4-BENZPYRENE
3,4-BENZYLPYRENE
BENZO(D,E,F)CHRYSENE
6,7-BENZOPYRENE
BENZ(A)PYRENE
3,4-BENZ(A)PYRENE
3,4-BENZYPYRENE
RCRA WASTE NUMBER U022
BP
3,4-BP
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Yellowish crystals
REPOSITORY: Yellow powder
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 252.32
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: >1 [102,107]
DENSITY: 1.351 g/mL [395]
MP (DEG C): 176.5-177.5 C [016,071,395,430]
BP (DEG C): 475 C @ 760 mm Hg [051,071,395]
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : <1 mg/mL @ 17 C (RAD)
DMSO : 10-50 mg/mL @ 17 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : <1 mg/mL @ 17 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Sparingly soluble [033,395]
ACETONE : 10-50 mg/mL @ 17 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Soluble [033,043,062,395]
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Xylene: Soluble [033,043,062,395]
Benzene: Soluble [033,062,205,395]
Sea water: 0.005-0.010 mg/L @ 22 C [055]
Alcohol: Sparingly soluble [033,062,205,430]
Ether: Soluble [430]
Aqueous caffein: Slightly soluble [395]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: 0.00000000549 mm Hg @ 25 C [051,071]
Vapor density : 8.7 [102,107]
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
Literature sources indicate that this chemical is nonflammable [107].
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon
dioxide or Halon extinguisher. A water spray may also be used [269].
UEL: Not available LEL: Not available
REACTIVITY:
This chemical is incompatible with strong oxidizers [051,102,107,269].
It readily undergoes nitration and halogenation [395]. Ozone, chromic acid
and chlorinating agents oxidize this compound. This chemical may react with
organic and inorganic oxidants including various electrophiles, peroxides,
nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides [051,071]. Hydrogenation occurs with
platinum oxide [395].
STABILITY:
This chemical undergoes photo-oxidation after irradiation in indoor
sunlight or by fluorescent light in organic solvents. Solutions of this
chemical in benzene oxidize under the influence of light and air [395].
Solutions of this chemical in water, DMSO, 95% ethanol or acetone should
be stable for 24 hours under normal lab conditions (RAD).
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Boiling point: 310-312 C @ 10 mm Hg [016,029,033,395]
Faint aromatic odor [102,107]
Solutions in benzene show a blue or violet fluorescence [395]
Solutions in concentrated sulfuric acid are orange-red with green fluorescence
[395]
Lambda max (in cyclohexane): 219 nm, 226 nm, 254 nm, 265 nm, 272 nm, 283 nm,
296 nm, 330 nm, 345 nm, 363 nm, 379 nm, 383 nm, 393 nm, 402 nm [395]
UV max (in 95% ethanol): 403 nm, 384 nm, 380 nm, 378 nm, 364 nm, 347 nm,
331 nm, 296 nm, 284 nm, 274 nm, 265 nm, 254 nm, 225 nm, 219 nm (epsilon =
3300, 25000, 22000, 22000, 22000, 11000, 4300, 54000, 41000, 27000, 46000,
38000, 25000, 23000) [052]
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: DJ3675000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LD50 scu rat 50 mg/kg
LDLo ipr mus 500 mg/kg
LDLo irn frg 11 mg/kg
AQTX/TLM96: Not available
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: A poison via subcutaneous, intraperitoneal and intrarenal routes. An
experimental carcinogen, tumorigen, neoplastigen and teratogen. Other
experimental reproductive effects. Human mutagenic data. A common air
contaminant of water, food and smoke.
CARCINOGENICITY:
Tumorigenic Data:
TDLo: orl-rat 15 mg/kg
TCLo: ihl-mus 200 ng/m3/6H/13W-I
TDLo: ipr-rat 16 mg/kg
TDLo: scu-rat 455 ug/kg/60D-I
TDLo: ivn-rat 39 mg/kg/6D-I
TDLo: ims-rat 2400 ug/kg
TDLo: ice-rat 22 mg/kg
TDLo: itr-rat 68 mg/kg/15W-I
TDLo: imp-rat 150 ug/kg
TDLo: orl-mus 700 mg/kg/75W-I
TDLo: skn-mus 120 mg/kg (MGN)
TDLo: skn-mus 28500 ug/kg/19W-I
TD : skn-mus 12 mg/kg/20D-I
TDLo: skn-mus 25 ng/kg/110W-I
TDLo: ipr-mus 10 mg/kg
TDLo: scu-mus 9 mg/kg
TDLo: ivn-mus 10 mg/kg
TDLo: itr-mus 200 mg/kg/10W-I
TDLo: imp-mus 200 mg/kg
TDLo: unr-mus 80 mg/kg/8D-I
TDLo: rec-mus 200 mg/kg
TDLo: par-dog 819 mg/kg/26W-I
TDLo: imp-dog 651 mg/kg/21W-C
TDLo: scu-mky 40 mg/kg
TDLo: skn-rbt 17 mg/kg/57W-I
TDLo: itr-rbt 145 mg/kg/2Y-I
TDLo: orl-ham 420 mg/kg/21W-I
TCLo: ihl-ham 9500 ug/m3/4H/96W-I
TDLo: scu-ham 4000 ug/kg
TDLo: itr-ham 64 mg/kg
TDLo: imp-frg 45 mg/kg
TD : imp-rat 500 ug/kg
TD : itr-rat 200 mg/kg/15W-I
TD : skn-mus 26 mg/kg/65W-I
TD : itr-ham 360 mg/kg/36W-I
TD : ims-rat 3150 ug/kg
TD : skn-mus 18 mg/kg/73W-I
TD : scu-mus 12 mg/kg
TDLo: ipr-mus 300 mg/kg (16-18D preg)
TDLo: scu-mus 480 mg/kg (11-15D preg)
TD : rec-mus 560 mg/kg/14W-I
TD : scu-mus 8 mg/kg
TDLo: ivn-rbt 30 mg/kg (25D preg)
TDLo: itr-ham 120 mg/kg/17W-I
TDLo: imp-ham 5 mg/kg/22W-C
Review: IARC Cancer Review: Animal Sufficient Evidence
IARC probable human carcinogen (Group 2A) [015,395,610]
ACGIH suspected human carcinogen [415,610]
Status: NTP Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens, 1989; anticipated to be
carcinogen [015,610]
EPA Carcinogen Assessment Group [610]
MUTATION DATA: See RTECS printout for data
TERATOGENICITY: See RTECS printout for data
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional and Final Limits (for this type of compound):
PEL-TWA 0.2 mg/m3 [015,327,545]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA (for this type of compound) 0.2 mg/m3 [415,421,610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: None
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): 0
Flammability (F): 1
Reactivity (R): 0
H0: Materials which on exposure under fire conditions would offer no
hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible material (see NFPA for
details).
F1: Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur (see NFPA
for details).
R0: Materials which are normally stable even under fire exposure conditions
and which are not reactive with water (see NFPA for details).
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
skn-mus 14 ug MLD
Review: Toxicology Review-11
Status: NIOSH Analytical Methods: see polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons
(HPLC), 5506; (GC), 5515
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/F344 rat;
SHE-focus assay
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse embryo
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-mouse prostate
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-RLV F344 rat
embryo
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Cell transform.-SA7/SHE; Host-
mediated assay
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: L5178Y cells in vitro-TK test;
Mammalian micronucleus
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Mouse spot test; E coli polA
with S9
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Histidine reversion-Ames test
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: In vitro SCE-human lymphocytes;
In vitro SCE-human
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Sperm morphology-mouse; D melan-
ogaster Sex-linked lethal
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: In vitro UDS in rat liver; V79
cell culture-gene mutation
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive/dose response: Cell transform.-
BALB/c-3T3; SHE-clonal assay
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive/dose response: Cell transform.-
C3H/10T1/2
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive/dose response: In vitro SCE-
nonhuman; in vivo SCE-nonhuman
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: D melanogaster-nondisjunction
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: Rodent heritable translocation;
Mouse specific locus
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Negative: UDS in mouse germ cells; S cere-
visiae-homozygosis
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Inconclusive: E coli polA without S9; In
vitro UDS-human fibroblast
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: Body fluid assay; Carcinogenicity-
mouse/rat
EPA Genetox Program 1988, Positive: CHO gene mutation
EPA TSCA Chemical Inventory, 1989
EPA TSCA Test Submission (TSCATS) Data Base, April 1990
OSHA Analytical Method #ID-58
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Not restricted
UN/ID NUMBER:
HAZARD CLASS: SUBSIDIARY RISK: PACKING GROUP:
LABELS REQUIRED:
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: MAXIMUM QUANTITY:
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: MAXIMUM QUANTITY:
SPECIAL PROVISIONS:
USES:
This compound is used extensively in cancer research.
COMMENTS:
This compound is a polynuclear (five-ring) aromatic hydrocarbon
[062,346]. It is found in coal tar, in cigarette smoke, in the atmosphere
as a product of incomplete combustion, in the exhaust soot and tar from
gasoline and diesel engines, and in oil, water and food [051,071]. Manu-
facturing sources include coal tar processing, petroleum refining, shale
refining, coal and coke processing, kerosene processing and heat and power
generation sources. Natural sources include synthesis by various bacteria
and algae. Man-caused sources include combustion of tobacco, combustion of
fuels, runoff containing greases and oils, and potential roadbed and asphalt
leachate [055].
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This compound may be harmful by ingestion or inhalation [071,269].
It may cause irritation [269]. When heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and toxic fumes of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide [043,269].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
GlovES+ Expert System Glove Types For The Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
This chemical has not been tested for permeation by Radian Corporation;
however, the GlovES+ expert system was used to extrapolate permeation test
information from compounds in the same chemical class. The GlovES+ system uses
permeation data from literature sources; therefore, extra safety margins should
be used with the estimated protection time(s). If this chemical makes direct
contact with your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them
at once.
The GlovES+ expert system is a tool that can help people better manage
protection from chemicals, however this tool cannot replace sound judgment nor
make technical decisions. Our GlovES+ expert system is designed to offer
initial advice and assistance in glove selection while the final glove
selection should be made by knowledgeable individuals based on the specific
circumstances involved.
Glove Type Model Number Thickness Estimated Protection Time
Neoprene Pioneer N-44 0.74 mm 480 min
Nitrile Edmont 37-155 0.38 mm 360 min
PVA Edmont 25-545 0.33 mm 360 min
PE/EVAL/PE Safety4 4H 0.07 mm 240 min
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-
approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge,
i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid
gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).
OTHER:
Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact
a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and
potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the
physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and
toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route
of exposure.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should protect this chemical from exposure to light. Keep
the container tightly closed under an inert atmosphere, and store
under refrigerated temperatures. Keep it away from all oxidizing
materials.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If a spill of this chemical occurs, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION,
then you should dampen the solid spill material with acetone and transfer the
dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with
acetone to pick up any remaining material. Seal your contaminated clothing
and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with
a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the
Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has
been properly cleaned.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT: Not available
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms
(such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected areas.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing,
give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a
hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this compound include mucous membrane irritation,
dermatitis, bronchitis, cough, dyspnea, conjunctivitis, photosensitization,
pulmonary edema, reproductive effects and leukemia [107]. Contact with the
skin may result in erythema, pigmentation, desquamation, formation of verrucae
and infiltration [395]. It may also cause keratoses which are relatively
small, heaped-up, scaling, brown plaques on the skin, some of which may be
fissured and may itch [401].
Exposure to this type of compound may cause reddening and squamous
eczema of the lid margins with only small erosion of the corneal epithelium
and superficial changes in the stroma which disappear a month following expo-
sure. Repeated exposure may cause sunlight to have a more severe effects on
a person's skin and also an allergic skin rash. Aplastic anemia may also occur
Chronic exposure to the fumes and dust of this type of compound can cause
discoloration of the cornea and epithelioma of the lid margin [102].
SOURCES
SOURCES:
[015] Lewis, R.J., Sr. and R.L. Tatken, Eds. Registry of Toxic Effects
of Chemical Substances. On-line Ed. National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. Cincinnati, OH. DJ3675000.
May 18, 1990.
[016] Weast, R.C., D.R. Lide, M.J. Astle, and W.H. Beyer, Eds. CRC Handbook
of Chemistry and Physics. 70th Ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton,
FL. 1989. p. C-141, #3009.
[029] Buckingham, J., Ed. Dictionary of Organic Compounds. 5th Ed. and
Supplements. Chapman and Hall. New York. 1988. Supplement 2,
p. 50, #B-20048.
[033] Budavari, Susan, Ed. The Merck Index. 11th Ed. Merck and Co., Inc.
Rahway, NJ. 1989. p. 172, #1113.
[036] Bretherick, L., Ed. Hazards in the Chemical Laboratory. 4th Ed.
The Royal Society of Chemistry. London. 1986. p. 191.
[043] Sax, N.I. and Richard J. Lewis, Sr. Dangerous Properties of Industrial
Materials. 7th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1989.
Vol. II, pp. 390-391, #BCS750.
[047] Weast, R.C. and M.J. Astle, Eds. CRC Handbook of Data on
Organic Compounds. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, FL.
1985. Vol. I, p. 253, #B02213.
[051] Sax, N. Irving, Ed. Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials
Report. Bi-monthly Updates. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc.
New York. January/February 1985. Vol. 5, #1, pp. 42-49.
[052] Midwest Research Institute. MRI Report for Benzo(a)pyrene.
Kansas City, MO. May 5, 1975.
[055] Verschueren, K. Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic
Chemicals. 2nd Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1983.
pp. 263-277.
[062] Sax, N.I. and R.J. Lewis Sr., Eds. Hawley's Condensed Chemical
Dictionary. 11th Ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1987.
p. 133.
[071] Sax, N. Irving, Ed. Hazardous Chemicals Information Annual, No. 1.
Van Nostrand Reinhold Information Services. New York. 1986.
pp. 401-408.
[082] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances.
Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical Substance Inventory: 1985
Edition. 5 Vols. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Washington, D.C. January 1986. Listed.
[099] Grant, W. Morton, M.D. Toxicology of the Eye. 3rd Ed. Charles
C. Thomas, Publisher. Springfield, IL. 1986. p. 142.
[102] U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department
of Labor. NIOSH/OSHA Occupational Health Guidelines for Chemical
Hazards. 3 Vols. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication No. 81-123. January,
1981. Volume 1.
[107] Occupational Health Services, Inc. Hazardline. Occupational
Health Services, Inc. New York. August 1, 1984; March 18, 1988.
[110] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Mutagen Information
Center (EMIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
[120] Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Environmental Teratogen Information
Center (ETIC), Bibliographic Data Base. Oak Ridge National
Laboratory. Oak Ridge, TN. Listed.
[205] Dean, John A., Ed. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry. 13th Ed.
McGraw-Hill Book Company. New York. 1985. p. 7-134, #b69.
[269] Lenga, Robert E. The Sigma-Aldrich Library of Chemical Safety Data.
Edition 1. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Milwaukee, WI. 1985.
p. 163, #C.
[275] Aldrich Chemical Company. Aldrich Catalog/Handbook of Fine
Chemical. Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc. Milwaukee, WI.
1988. p. 151, #B1,008-0.
[301] Dreisbach, R.H. Handbook of Poisoning: Prevention, Diagnosis
and Treatment. 11th Ed. Lange Medical Publications. Los
Altos, CA. 1983. p. 212.
[327] Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records
Administration. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Labor,
Parts 1900 to 1910. U.S. Government Printing Office.
Washington. 1988. pp. 707, 752.
[346] Sittig, M. Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens.
2nd Ed. Noyes, Publications. Park Ridge, NJ. 1985. pp. 118-119.
[395] International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health
Organization. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of
Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. International
Agency for Research on Cancer. Geneva. Vol. 3, pp. 91-
136; Vol. 32, pp. 211-224; Supplement 7, pp. 58, 174-175.
[401] Nutt, A. R. Toxic Hazards of Rubber Chemicals. Elsevier
Applied Science Publishers. New York. 1984. pp. 35-44, 69.
[415] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Threshold Limit Values and Biological Exposure Indices
for 1988-1989. American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists. Cincinnati, OH. 1988. pp. 12, 16,
40-41.
[421] American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values. 5th Ed.
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
Cincinnati, OH. 1986. p. 143.
[430] Clayton, G.D. and F.E. Clayton, Eds. Patty's Industrial Hygiene
and Toxicology. Vol. 2. Third Revised Edition. John Wiley
and Sons. New York. 1981. Vol. IIB, pp. 2892, 3346-3350,
3362-3365.
[545] Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records
Administration. Federal Register, Dept. of Labor, Part III.
U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington. January 19, 1989.
p. 2930.
[610] Clansky, Kenneth B., Ed. Suspect Chemicals Sourcebook: A Guide to
Industrial Chemicals Covered Under Major Federal Regulatory and
Advisory Programs. Roytech Publications, Inc. Burlingame, CA.
1990. Update, pp. xv.
[620] United States National Toxicology Program. Chemical Status Report.
NTP Chemtrack System. Research Triangle Park, NC. October 3, 1990.
Listed.
-------------------------------------------------------------