NTP CHEMICAL REPOSITORY (RADIAN CORPORATION, AUGUST 29, 1991)
PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE TRIHYDRATE
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IDENTIFIERS
CATALOG ID NUMBER: 001686
CAS NUMBER: 1910-42-5
BASE CHEMICAL NAME: PARAQUATDICHLORIDETRIHYDRATE
PRIMARY NAME: PARAQUAT DICHLORIDE TRIHYDRATE
CHEMICAL FORMULA: C12H14N2.2Cl.3H2O
STRUCTURAL FORMULA: Not printable
WLN: T6NJ A1 D- DT6NJ A1 8 QH 3 - CEH
SYNONYMS:
METHYL VIOLOGEN DICHLORIDE HYDRATE
1,1'-DIMETHYL-4,4-BIPYRIDINIUM DICHLORIDE
METHYL VIOLOGEN DICHLORIDE TRIHYDRATE
PHYSICAL CHEMICAL DATA
PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION: LITERATURE: Colorless crystals
REPOSITORY: Off-white solid
MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 257.17
SPECIFIC GRAVITY: Not available
DENSITY: 1.24-1.26 g/mL @ 20 C [168]
MP (DEG C): >300 C (decomposes) [025,269]
BP (DEG C): Not available
SOLUBILITIES:
WATER : >=100 mg/mL @ 19 C (RAD)
DMSO : <1 mg/mL @ 19 C (RAD)
95% ETHANOL : <1 mg/mL @ 19 C (RAD)
METHANOL : Slightly soluble [025]
ACETONE : <1 mg/mL @ 19 C (RAD)
TOLUENE : Not available
OTHER SOLVENTS:
Lower alcohols: Slightly soluble [031,421]
Hydrocarbons: Insoluble [031,421]
VOLATILITY:
Vapor pressure: Not available
Vapor density : Not available
FLAMMABILITY(FLASH POINT):
Literature sources indicate that this compound is non-flammable [102,421].
Fires involving this compound can be controlled using a carbon dioxide, dry
chemical or Halon extinguisher.
UEL: Not available LEL: Not available
REACTIVITY:
This compound is corrosive to metal and it can react with strong acids, bases,
and oxidizing agents [031,168,269,102]. It is hydrolyzed by alkali compounds
and it is inactivated by inert clays and anionic surfactants [031,168].
STABILITY:
This material is stable in acidic media, but unstable in alkaline media. It
is photochemically decomposed by UV irradiation in aqueous solutions and is
rapidly inactivated by soil [168,186]. The neat chemical may be sensitive to
light.
OTHER PHYSICAL DATA:
Odorless
Non-volatile
TOXICITY
NIOSH REGISTRY NUMBER: DW2275000
TOXICITY:
typ. dose mode specie amount units other
LD50 orl mus 120 mg/kg
LD50 orl dog 25 mg/kg
TDLo orl man 32 mg/kg
LDLo orl man 43 mg/kg
LD50 orl rat 57 mg/kg
LD50 skn rat 80 mg/kg
LD50 ipr rat 26 mg/kg
LD50 scu rat 24 mg/kg
LD50 ivn rat 21 mg/kg
LD50 ipr mus 30 mg/kg
LD50 ivn mus 180 mg/kg
LD50 orl mky 50 mg/kg
LD50 orl cat 48 mg/kg
LD50 skn rbt 325 mg/kg
LD50 skn rbt 236 mg/kg
LD50 orl gpg 22 mg/kg
LD50 ipr gpg 3 mg/kg
LD50 orl ckn 362 mg/kg
LD50 orl dck 199 mg/kg
LD50 skn dck 600 mg/kg
LDLo orl wmn 3000 mg/kg
LDLo ivn dog 34500 ug/kg
LDLo orl wmn 200 mg/kg
LD50 orl cat 35 mg/kg
LD50 ipr rbt 18 mg/kg
LD50 orl pig 30 mg/kg
LD50 orl dom 30 mg/kg
LD50 ivn dom 1 mg/kg
AQTX/TLM96: 100-10 ppm
SAX TOXICITY EVALUATION:
THR: HIGH oral, skin, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous. An experi-
mental teratogen. It is a highly toxic bipyridyl herbicide which is absorbed
by the skin, by inhalation or ingestion. Has a delayed damaging effect on the
lung alveoli. Has caused fatal poisoning in humans with severe injury to the
lungs. Has been implicated in aplastic anemia. MILD rabbit eye irritation.
MUTATION data.
CARCINOGENICITY: Not available
MUTATION DATA:
test lowest dose | test lowest dose
----------- ----------------- | ----------- -----------------
mmo-sat 2500 ng/plate | dns-hmn:fbr 20 mg/L
mma-sat 20 ug/plate | dni-rat-orl 126 mg/kg
dnr-sat 100 ug/plate | oms-rat-orl 126 mg/kg
mmo-omi 1000 ppm | mrc-smc 100 ppm
mmo-asn 400 ug/plate | cyt-ham:lng 3 mmol/L
sce-ham:fbr 1 mmol/L | sce-ham:lng 100 umol/L
oms-ckn:lvr 50 mg/L |
TERATOGENICITY:
Reproductive Effects Data:
TDLo ipr-rat 6500 ug/kg(6D preg)
TDLo ipr-mus 30150 ug/kg(8-16D preg)
TDLo ipr-mus 30150 ug/kg(8-16D preg)
STANDARDS, REGULATIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS:
OSHA: Federal Register (1/19/89) and 29 CFR 1910.1000 Subpart Z
Transitional Limit: PEL-TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin) [610]
Final Limit: PEL-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 (skin) [610]
ACGIH: TLV-TWA 0.1 mg/m3 [610]
NIOSH Criteria Document: None
NFPA Hazard Rating: Health (H): None
Flammability (F): None
Reactivity (R): None
OTHER TOXICITY DATA:
Skin and Eye Irritation Data:
eye-rbt 25 mg MLD
Review: Toxicology Review-7
Status: "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, 3rd Ed."
EPA Genetic Toxicology Program, January 1984
Meets criteria for proposed OSHA Medical Records Rule
OTHER DATA (Regulatory)
PROPER SHIPPING NAME (IATA): Bipyridilium pesticides, solid, toxic, n.o.s.
UN/ID NUMBER: UN2781
HAZARD CLASS: 6.1 SUBSIDIARY RISK: None PACKING GROUP: II
LABELS REQUIRED: Poison
PACKAGING: PASSENGER: PKG. INSTR.: 611, Y611 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 25 kg, 1 kg
CARGO : PKG. INSTR.: 615 MAXIMUM QUANTITY: 100 kg
SPECIAL PROVISIONS: A6
USES:
Redox indicator; artificial electron carrier in enzyme reactions and
herbicide.
COMMENTS:
The RTECS toxicity data is that of the dichloride without the trihydrate.
HANDLING PROCEDURES
ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS:
This chemical is highly toxic if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the
skin. When heated to decomposition, this compound emits toxic fumes of CO,
CO2, NOx and hydrogen chloride gas [269]. It is absorbed through the skin
only after prolonged exposure [171].
MINIMUM PROTECTIVE CLOTHING:
If Tyvek-type disposable protective clothing is not worn during
handling of this chemical, wear disposable Tyvek-type sleeves taped to
your gloves.
RECOMMENDED GLOVE MATERIALS:
Recommended Glove Type For Use With Neat (Undiluted) Chemical:
Recommendations based on permeation test results are made for handling
the neat (undiluted) chemical. If this chemical makes direct contact with
your glove, or if a tear, puncture or hole develops, replace them at once.
Suggested Glove Type(s) (RAD): No information available
RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR:
Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-
approved half face respirator equipped with a combination filter cartridge,
i.e. organic vapor/acid gas/HEPA (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid
gas, SO2 and a high efficiency particulate filter).
OTHER: Not available
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS:
You should protect this material from exposure to light,
and store it in a refrigerator.
SPILLS AND LEAKAGE:
If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material
with water,then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use
absorbent paper dampened with water to pick up any remaining material. Seal
your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper in a vapor-tight plastic
bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with a soap
and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety
Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been
properly cleaned.
DISPOSAL AND WASTE TREATMENT:
You should dispose of all waste and contaminated materials
associated with this chemical as specified by existing local,
state and federal regulations concerning hazardous waste disposal.
It is suggested that your contaminated materials should be destroyed
by incineration in a special, high temperature (>2000 degrees F),
chemical incinerator facility.
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
SKIN CONTACT:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating
all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly
with soap and water.
IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms
(such as redness or irritation) develop.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after
washing the affected areas.
INHALATION:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a
hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath,
or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown
atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or
equal to that advised under Respirator Recommendation.
EYE CONTACT:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush
victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while
simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.
Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without
specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if
no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.
INGESTION:
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of
water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control
center.
Generally, the induction of vomiting is NOT recommended outside of a
physician's care due to the risk of aspirating the chemical into the victim's
lungs. However, if the victim is conscious and not convulsing and if medical
help is not readily available, consider the risk of inducing vomiting because
of the high toxicity of the chemical ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may
be used in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth,
ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with
the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport
the victim to a hospital.
SYMPTOMS:
Symptoms of exposure to this chemical include ulceration of the digestive
tract, diarrhea, vomiting, renal damage, jaundice, edema, hemorrhage, and
anoxia [031]. It also causes irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and skin;
nose bleeding, abnormalities, loss of fingernails, burning in the mouth and
throat, eye injury, nausea, abdominal pain; heart, kidney, lung, and liver
damage; jaundice and progressive fibrosis and epithelial proliferation in the
lungs [102,346]. Other symptoms include coughing, wheezing, laryngitis,
shortness of breath, and headache [269].
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